安装（未完成）

基础

  • apache和apache2，版本不同，功能特性不同

  • apache2和httpd指在不同架构下的说法，功能一致，配置些许不同（如apache2.conf和httpd.conf）

    httpd is the same as apache2. It depends on the OS you use. For example in RHEL 6.2 it is called httpd and in Ubuntu it is called apache2.

  • 版本查看

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    apache2 -v # Debian/Ubuntu
    httpd -v # CentOS/RHEL/Fedora

    image-20221213212606163

命令说明

  • 权限不够加sudo

  • 查看是否启用了模块：apache2ctl -M | grep [模块名]

    • 如：sudo apache2ctl -M | grep ssl，启用了显示ssl_module (shared)

  • 启用配置/模块/站点：a2ensite/a2enmod/a2enconf

    • 如启用SSL模块：a2enmod ssl，然后执行systemctl reload apache2

  • 取消配置/模块/站点：a2dissite/a2dismod/a2disconf

    • 如取消SSL模块：a2dismod ssl，然后执行systemctl reload apache2

配置说明

  • 以Debian/Ubuntu下apache2为例

  • 文件架构说明

    • apache2.conf：Apache 的主要配置文件，包含了全局的配置指令和其他配置文件的引用
    • ports.conf：定义 Apache 监听的端口和协议
    • xxx-available：Apache服务器目前所有支持的信息
      • conf-available：支持的配置，存放其他的 Apache 配置文件的目录，例如安全策略、认证和授权等
      • mods-available：支持的模块，存放 Apache 模块配置文件的目录，每个文件对应一个模块
      • sites-available：支持的站点，存放虚拟主机配置文件的目录，每个文件对应一个虚拟主机
    • xxx-enable：Apache服务器目前可用的信息
      • 是xxx-available的一个软连接，通过a2ensite/a2enmod/a2enconf创建，通过a2dissite/a2dismod/a2disconf销毁，每次执行命令都需要使用systemctl reload apache2重载配置
      • conf-available：现在可用的配置，存放已启用的其他 Apache 配置文件的目录，通常通过在 conf-available 目录中创建符号链接来启用其他配置文件
      • mods-available：现在可用的模块，存放已启用的 Apache 模块配置文件的目录，通常通过在 mods-available 目录中创建符号链接来启用模块
      • sites-available：现在可用的站点，存放已启用的虚拟主机配置文件的目录，通常通过在 sites-available 目录中创建符号链接来启用虚拟主机

  • 配置文件地址：/etc/apache2/apache2.conf，内含说明

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    # It is split into several files forming the configuration hierarchy outlined
    # below, all located in the /etc/apache2/ directory:
    #
    #       /etc/apache2/
    #       |-- apache2.conf
    #       |       `--  ports.conf
    #       |-- mods-enabled
    #       |       |-- *.load
    #       |       `-- *.conf
    #       |-- conf-enabled
    #       |       `-- *.conf
    #       `-- sites-enabled
    #               `-- *.conf
    #
    #
    # * apache2.conf is the main configuration file (this file). It puts the pieces
    #   together by including all remaining configuration files when starting up the
    #   web server.
    #
    # * ports.conf is always included from the main configuration file. It is
    #   supposed to determine listening ports for incoming connections which can be
    #   customized anytime.
    #
    # * Configuration files in the mods-enabled/, conf-enabled/ and sites-enabled/
    #   directories contain particular configuration snippets which manage modules,
    #   global configuration fragments, or virtual host configurations,
    #   respectively.
    #
    #   They are activated by symlinking available configuration files from their
    #   respective *-available/ counterparts. These should be managed by using our
    #   helpers a2enmod/a2dismod, a2ensite/a2dissite and a2enconf/a2disconf. See
    #   their respective man pages for detailed information.
    #
    # * The binary is called apache2. Due to the use of environment variables, in
    #   the default configuration, apache2 needs to be started/stopped with
    #   /etc/init.d/apache2 or apache2ctl. Calling /usr/bin/apache2 directly will not
    #   work with the default configuration.

参考